Being a business owner in South Africa can sometimes become very tricky, especially when you start dealing with staff and the labour law. Now when we start or buy a new business this is the furthest thing from your mind, and nobody ever think that they will be placed in certain uncomfortable situations. So today I will try and simplify some of the basics for you, especially when it comes to staff dismissals.
You find two types of dismissals, Fair & Unfair dismissals. There are some reasons for which employees may never be fired, under any circumstances. An automatically unfair dismissal is any dismissal that is made on these impermissible grounds. If an employee is dismissed directly for any of the following reasons, the dismissal is automatically unfair. Employees cannot be dismissed:
- For participating in a legal strike
- For refusing to do another striking employee’s work
- For not accepting employers’ demands if the dismissal is used as a means to get compliance
- For acting against the company, while complying with the LRA
- For being pregnant or for matters relating to the pregnancy
- On arbitrary grounds like on race, religion, sex, age and any of the other constitutionally protected categories. The only exceptions are if the employee has reached retirement age, or if the dismissal is based on the inherent requirements of the job (e.g. somebody who has become blind cannot work as a bus driver).
- Because the company’s ownership was transferred or sold as a going concern
- Because of a protected disclosure made by the employee, known as “whistle blowing"
If an employee alleges that they have been unfairly dismissed and the employer contests this, acourt must discern the primary or main reason for dismissal. If a union member was dismissed for gross misconduct, for example, the court must decide which was the primary motivating reason – the membership or the misconduct. If it is the former, the employee must be compensated. However, employees don’t become immune from dismissals simply if they join unions, are pregnant, become disabled, speak a different language or for any other reason listed above. They cannot be fired purely on these ground
If it is discovered that an employee was unfairly dismissed, the employee may be given the choice either to be reinstated, or to receive compensation (generally double the amount that is given for other types of unfair dismissals).
There are only three reasons for a ‘fair’ dismissal. And even if you dismiss with due cause, if you don't follow the correct procedure, you'll end up at the CCMA for sure!
- Conduct of the employee
- Capacity of the employee (his ability to do his job)
- Operational requirements of your business (retrenchment)
The above three reasons for dismissal form the basis of 'substantive fairness'. However, if you dismiss someone for fair reason, but don’t follow the proper procedure, your dismissal will be unfair.
The dismissal should pass (and you must prove) all of the following tests to ensure substantive fairness:
- The accused employee committed the misconduct.
- The employee knew or should have known that the conduct was an infringement of your rules.
- The rule or standard was valid or reasonable.
Use this checklist when you hold your next disciplinary hearing
It’s common practice to give 24 hours’ notice of a hearing.
However, in many cases the circumstances will require you to give longer advance notice, especially if there are numerous charges, or your employee will have problems accessing data to prepare for the hearing.
- Inform your employee of the allegations against her in writing. The allegations should be clearly set out, identifying exactly what she allegedly did wrong.
- Give your employee reasonable time to prepare for the hearing, which will depend on the nature and complexity of the allegations.
- Allow your employee a representative if she wants one.
- Present your employee with the facts that support your allegations and give her an opportunity to state her case in response.
Next week I will write about procedural fairness and dismissals and how to use it correctly so that you won't have to end up in hot water.
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Mercia Kruger
Dr Baumann
National Sales & Business Development Manager
Tel: +27 (11) 444 3633
Fax: +27 (11) 444 2597
email: mercia@dr-baumann.co.za



















